Posts Tagged "breast cancer"

Breast cancer risk and HRT – what matters most?

Posted by Liz on Jan 26, 2009 in HRT | 3 comments

Data from the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium last month provided definitive evidence that HRT increases the risk of breast cancer by 26% in menopausal women.  However, does route of administration (e.g., patch, oral) or type of  HRT matter?

According to a study in the journal Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, route of administration does not matter. But the progestagen component does.

Data were extrapolated from 80,377 postmenopausal women living in France and participating in E3N (a study designed to investigate risk factors for cancer) between 1990 and 2002.  At the study’s start, the average age of participants was 53 years. HRT types included estrogen only and estrogen plus progesterone, dydrogesterone combinations or other types of progesterone.

Over the study period 2,354 cases of invasive breast cancer occurred. Compared with women who never used HRT, women using estrogen alone had a 1.29-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, breast cancer risk varied significantly depending upon the type of progestagen:

• Risk was significantly lower with estrogen-progestagen HRTS containing progesterone or dehydrogesterone than with estrogen combinations involving other types (e.g., nomegestrol acetate, norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate)
• The aformentioned combinations Ii.e. estrogen plus progesterone or  dehydrogesterone)  were associated with no or only a slight increase in breast cancer risk (1 fold greater or 1.16 fold greater, respectively).
• The results remained the same when analysis was restricted women whose age at the start of menopause could be most accurately determined.

Although the effect of progestagen remains somewhat unclear, and factors such as experimental conditions, length of time taking them and dose can influence results, the researchers did conclude that some HRT combinations may be safer than others.

Researchers also emphasize that further study is needed, and that medical experts are still unsure how HRT combinations affect other disease risks, such as heart disease, stroke and colorectal cancer.

Meanwhile, if you are taking HRT, talk to your health practitioner and find out which progestagen you’re taking. Better safe than sorry, right?!

Hope springs eternal: black cohosh

Posted by Liz on Oct 18, 2008 in breast cancer, estrogen | 0 comments

There may be good news on the horizon for perimenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.  Researchers from the University of Missouri-Columbia are conducting an animal study to see how black cohosh and the tamoxifen interact.

Unfortunately, breast cancer patients who take tamoxifen to prevent their cancer from recurring, are unable to take hormones for menopausal symptoms that often occur as the drug starts working to shut down estrogen production. Consequently, one of the only options available to them are antidepressants, which are not always effective and depending on the agent, may cause side effects such as weight gain, fatigue or reduced sexual desire.

It’s a hopeful path that may help alleviate undesired side effects in women with breast cancer. If you’re interesting in reading more about black cohosh, you can click on the word in the tags category on the sidebar.

Seeds of the Change

Posted by Liz on Sep 27, 2008 in heart disease, hot flash | 0 comments

Flaxseed evidently has the potential to reduce the frequency and potential of hot flashes associated with menopause.

Last Summer, researchers from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN reported results of a small trial enrolling 29 postmenopausal women who were experiencing at least 14 hot flashes weekly for a month. None of the study participants were taking estrogen or herbal preparations for their symptoms, but for six weeks, ingested 40 grams (~2.8 tbs) daily of crushed flaxseed.

Not only did the frequency of hot flashes decline by 50%, but overall severity of hot flashes decreased by 57%. Study participants also reported improvements in their mood, joint or muscle pain, chills and sweating, all of which significantly improved their quality of life.

The researchers concluded that flaxseed is potentially an effective treatment for hot flashes and imparts overall health and psychological benefits.

The downside? 50% of women experienced mild or moderate bloating and 29%, mild diarrhea.

Flaxseed is a plant-based estrogen source (photoestrogen)  that contains antioxidants with weak estrogen properties (lignans) and omega-3 fatty acids. It is also an excellent source of fiber. Various studies have not only touted its benefits for heart disease prevention but also suggest that it might boost the effects of conventional breast cancer therapies.

Most health experts recommend ground flaxseed over whole because it is more easily digestible in this form. It should be taken with ample amounts of water to avoid any gastrointestinal blockage. Flaxseed can also inhibit the ability of the blood to clot after injury so if you’re taking any heart medications or planning surgery, you might want to speak to your doctor before trying it. Additionally, it may exacerbate the effects of herbs that interfere with clotting such as:

• Danshen
• Devil’s Claw
• Eeuthero
• Garlic
• Ginger (in large amounts)
• Ginkgo
• Horse Chestnut
• Panax Ginseng
• Papain
• Red Clover
• Saw Palmetto

Personally, I don’t care for the taste of flaxseed.  However, it can be baked or added to other foods. In fact, some of these recipes look pretty tasty.

Do you take flaxseed? How has it helped your menopausal symptoms? Any recipes you’d like to share?

You’re getting veerry sleeepy…

Posted by Liz on Sep 25, 2008 in hot flash, mind-body therapy | 0 comments

Baylor University researchers report that hypnosis might represent an effective intervention for hot flashes in women with breast cancer.

Makes one wonder if mind-body treatments might represent a viable alternative for all menopausal women?

In the study, which appears in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, 60 breast cancer survivors with hot flashes received 5 weekly hypnosis sessions or no treatment.

The women who received hypnosis reported a 68% decline in hot flash scores. Significant improvements were also observed in anxiety levels, depression, the degree to which hot flashes interrupted daily activities and sleep.

One topic which I’ve not yet addressed on Flashfree is the association between breast cancer treatments and menopause. Indeed, adjuvant therapy, which is a term used to characterize chemotherapy and/or hormonal treatments after breast cancer surgery, often launches as many as 10 to 50 percent of women younger than 40 and in 50 to 94 percent of women over 40 into early menopause. In fact, treatments for breast cancer can cause women to go into menopause in a matter of days.

The reason is that chemotherapy can damage the ovaries and affect their ability to produce normal levels of estrogen. Depending on the type of agent used and a woman’s age, it is possible for regular ovarian function to return. But for some women, early menopause may be permanent. Importantly, hormone replacement is not an option in breast cancer survivors due to an increased risk of recurrence. This makes alternatives even more important.

The results of this specific study resulted in a $2.6 million grant to Baylor from the National Institutes of Health to fund a broader study. According to Baylor, this is the largest grant ever awarded by NIH for this particular type of research.

The larger trial will enroll 180 women who entered menopause naturally and who are experiencing hot flashes. It will compare hypnotic relaxation therapy plus self-hypnosis techniques to another type of mind-body treatment.